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Lawrence Mthombeni, the principal of a primary school outside the small farming town of Mtubatuba on South Africa's eastern coast, knew that something was wrong with one of his best teachers. He watched her struggle to keep teaching science despite a variety of illnesses. Finally, one day last year, she left the school for good, and students soon were whispering that she was bewitched. It was only months later that Mthombeni learned the sad truth: …

…But the loss of teachers reaches beyond personal tragedy because of their crucial role in shaping Africa's next generation. "Teachers who fall sick will not all be replaced, and you can never replicate a week or a term of teaching in the life of a child," says Alan Whiteside, a leading AIDS researcher at the University of Natal in Durban. "We face a generation growing up that is disaffected, unskilled, and desocialized because of AIDS."