SONET
SONET is the American National Institute standards for synchronous data transmission and the international equivalent is synchronous digital hierarchy. The standards are comprised so networks are able to interconnect, both nationally and internationally. Conventional transmission systems also are able to utilize the optical media through tributary attachments. SONET provides standards for a number of line rates. The maximum line rate is 9.953 gigabits per second with possible line rates of 20 gigabits.
SONET is the base for …
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…SONET transmission, network clocks are referenced to a highly stable point and the need to align the data streams or synchronize clock is not needed. A lower rate signal such as DS-1 is accessible and demultiplexing is unnecessary to access the bitstreams and signals can be stacked together without bit suffering. If reference frequencies vary, SONET uses pointers, enabling streams to float within the payload envelope.
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