Roman Architecture
The Roman Empire, founded by Augustus Caesar in 27 B.C. and lasting in Western
Europe for 500 years, reorganized for world politics and economics. Almost the entirety of the
civilized world became a single centralized state. In place of Greek democracy, piety, and
independence came Roman authoritarianism and practicality. Vast prosperity resulted. Europe and
the Mediterranean bloomed with trading cities ten times the size of their predecessors with public
amenities previously unheard of courts, theaters, circuses, …
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…in certain cases,
for example, in the tomb church in Rome of Constantine's daughter, Santa Costanza, of about
350. In the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, erected in 526-547, this was expanded to the scale of
a middle-sized church. Here a domed octagon 60 feet (18 meters) across is surrounded by a
corridor, or aisle, and balcony 30 feet (9 meters) deep. On each side a semicircular projection
from the central space pushes outward to blend these spaces together.
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