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A theory is a set of ideas that claims to explain how something works. A Sociological theory is, therefore, a set of ideas that claims to explain how society or aspects of society work. 'Social theories' as a field of study is particularly difficult to accurately determine or define. As understood, social theories are the systematic study of human society, including the processes of social change and transformation, involving the formulation of theoretical (and empirical) …

…Enlightenment, (sometimes called 'modernity'. It denotes the radical series of changes in European thought, and action, which occurred towards the end of the eighteenth century.), though aspects of modern social theories can be found in pre-Enlightenment thinkers and schools of thought (particularly in political philosophy and political economy). And it is in reaction to the enlightenment and the emergence of 'modern society', that a large part of past and contemporary social theories finds its subject.