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Civil engineering is one of the oldest of the engineering fields. It is very broad with many subspecialties. Structural engineers are concerned with the design and erection of both large and small structures. These can range from small warehouses to skyscrapers, from highway overpasses to large bridges, and include dams of all sizes. Both steel and concrete designs may be called for. Geotechnical and soil mechanics engineers evaluate the capacity of rocks and soils to …

…the continuing and rapid changes in technology, it is difficult to teach enough engineering in a four-year undergraduate curriculum. Students who wish to stay in the forefront of technology find that further study at the graduate level is required. Both master's and doctoral programs stress further technical depth. In the latter an independent research program resulting in a thesis is also required. Engineers planning to enter management also frequently take advanced work in business administration.