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The idea that sacrifice is required before Kenya attains true nationhood, is one of a range of ideas - others being birth, betrayal, heroism and forgiveness - in the novel "A Grain of Wheat", by Ngugi wa Thiong'o. It is conveyed through the words and actions of many characters (especially Kihika, Mugo and to a lesser extent Gikonyo), rather than through the author telling us, since the narration is that of a third person. Ngugi …

…from Corinthian's at the start of the novel. The presentation of the theme of sacrifice in "A Grain of Wheat" is put across through a variety of individuals. Kihika's selfless sacrifice depicts this belief that the unity of the black people is imperative for the country to move forward. Mugo's deed of treachery as well as his demise at the end of the book also helps putting across the idea of sacrifice in the novel.