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Life-span development chap. 2 notes
Title: Life-span development chap. 2 notes
Category: Social Sciences / Psychology
Details: Words: 2105 | Pages: 9.0 (approximately 235 words/page)
Life-span development chap. 2 notes
I.
Theory and the Scientific Method
A. Theory - organized system of principles & ideas that help explain phenomenon & make predictions
B. Hypothesis - a statement that makes a prediction between 2 or more variables (educated guess)
C. Scientific Method - Approach used to discover accurate information about behavior and development
1. Identify and analyze the problem
2. Collect data
3. Draw conclusions
4. Revise theories
D.
Descriptive Measures
1. Observation
*naturalistic - real world settings/natural environment
*laboratory - controlled setting
2. Interviews and Questionnaires - …showed first 75 words of 2105 total…
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2. meta-needs (growth) - motivated toward developing potential
Transcendence
Self-actualization
Aesthetic
Cognitive
Self-esteem
Affiliation
Safety
Physiological
IV.
Trait Theories
A.
Gordon Allport
1. cardinal traits - influence every aspect of a person's personality (nonviolence)
2. central traits - dominant characteristics that organize and control behavior in most situations
3. secondary traits - likes, dislikes, and habits that influence behavior in specific situations
B.
Big Five Factors
1. extroversion - vs. - introversion
2. friendliness - vs. - hostility
3. neuroticism - vs. - emotional stability
4. conscientiousness
5. openness to new experience
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