Gothic Art
Romanesque may first be sensed in new structural developments.. Sophisticated but unsatisfactory
attempts to vault the great basilican naves safely, with elements of
Roman, Byzantine, or Eastern origin, impelled progressive Romanesque
engineers, from about 1090 onward, to invent a new type of ribbed
groin-vaulted unit bay, using pointed arches to distribute thrust and
improve the shape of the geometric surfaces. Fifty years of
experimentation produced vaulting that was light, strong, open,
versatile, and applicable everywhere--in short, …
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…with aisles and galleries, an
imposing tower system, and beautiful sculptures. Each one was entirely
vaulted, typically, with barrel vaults over the nave, quadrant vaults
(four-part vaults, formed by two intersecting arches) over the
galleries, and groin-vaulted aisles. A little later, at the Cluniac
priory of Saint-Étienne (Nevers, Fr.), such a church was boldly built
with clerestory (part of the nave, choir, and transept walls above the
aisle roofs) windows under the high vault.
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