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The geographical characteristics of Mesopotamia and Egypt heavily influenced the ancient civilizations that grew there. Since these ancient civilizations were agriculturally-dependent, it is clear that abundant fresh water would be important. Not as obvious, but also influential are the degree of natural resources and absence or presence of natural barriers. Water Most important to early civilizations was the water supply. It is no accident that the great ancient “cradles” of civilization are centered on rivers …

…leaders. The king had extensive power and influence in the society due to their need for protection. Sumerian culture also exhibited influence from neighbors as a result of frequent, though hostile interactions with neighbors. The significance of the natural environment was profound in the development of ancient civilizations—shaping their location, characteristics, culture, government, and lifestyle. It is difficult to imagine how history would be affected had the physical environments of these civilizations been different.