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Biography of Samory TouréName: Samory TouréBirth Date: 1830 Death Date: June 2, 1900 Place of Birth: Milo Valley, Sudan, Africa Nationality: African Gender: Male Occupations: ruler Samory Touré The African ruler and state builder Samory Touré (1830-1900) held the French at bay for 15 years and created one of the most powerful, best-organized states in the western Sudan. His military and administrative genius was compared to Napoleon's.Samory Touré was born in the Milo Valley of the western Sudan. His family owned cattle and traded, but their once strong ties to Islam had been loosened for over a century. Traveling widely over western Africa in 1846-1851, Samory came into contact with Islam and was reconverted to the faith.From 1870 to 1875 Samory succeeded in creating a large empire through military victories. Influenced by the example of African empire builders like al-Hajj Omar, in 1880 he began a new jihad (holy war) to convert the pagans and push out the Europeans if necessary. His first armed conflict with the French occurred in February 1882.As the result of a series of battles lasting …showed first 150 words…
…showed last 150 words…tactics of guerrilla warfare reminiscent of modern insurgent tactics and also opened an arms factory with 300 to 400 men turning out modern weapons that supplemented those from Europe. He maintained an intelligence network that kept him informed of developments from what is today Mauritania to Nigeria at a time when other great African leaders were driving independently in holy wars against the Europeans. Had princes of the caliber of the sultan of Sokoto, to this day a power in Nigeria, accepted Samory's proffered invitation to unite, the story of colonial conquest in Africa might indeed have been quite different. Further Reading Although there is no good biography of Samory Touré, a good, brief summation of his significance is in Michael Crowder, West Africa under Colonial Rule (1968). A less sympathetic account is in John D. Hargreaves, West Africa: The Former French States (1967). See also Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore, Africa since 1800 (1967). |