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Biography of Oswald Theodore AveryName: Oswald Theodore AveryBirth Date: October 21, c. 1877 Death Date: February 20, 1955 Place of Birth: Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Nationality: Canadian, American Gender: Male Occupations: biologist, bacteriologist Oswald Theodore Avery Avery (ca. 1877-1955) was one of the founding fathers of immunochemistry and a major contributor to the scientific evolution of microbiology.Oswald Theodore Avery was one of the founding fathers of immunochemistry (the study of the chemical aspects of immunology) and a major contributor to the scientific evolution of microbiology. His studies of the pneumococcus virus (causing acute pneumonia) led to further classification of the virus into many distinct types and the eventual identification of the chemical differences among various pneumococci viral strains. His work on capsular polysaccharides and their role in determining immunological specificity and virulence in pneumococci led directly to the development of diagnostic tests to demonstrate circulating antibody. These studies also contributed to the development of therapeutic sera used to treat the pneumonia virus. Among his most original contributions to immunology was the identification of complex carbohydrates as playing an important role in many immunological processes. Avery's greatest …showed first 150 words…
…showed last 150 words…Casals (1876-1973) Spanish musicianCharles Kettering (1876-1958) American engineerGarrett Morgan (1877-1963) American inventorLillian Gilbreth (1878-1972) American engineerUpton Sinclair (1878-1968) American writerWill Rogers (1879-1935) American humoristSelected world events:1882: Robert Koch discovered tuberculosis bacillus1890: Emil von Behring produced diphtheria antitoxin1895: Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered x-rays1910: Cambridge University acquired the Encyclopaedia Britannica1916: First birth control clinic opened in Brooklyn1921: Insulin developed by Frederick G. Banting and Charles H. Best1925: John Scopes tried for teaching evolution theory1937: Joe Louis became heavyweight champion of world1941: Penicillin purified; proven to fight bacterial infections1947: First piloted aircraft succeeded in breaking the speed of sound Further Reading booksBiographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Royal Society (London), Volume 2, 1956, pp. 34-47.Dochez, A. R., "Oswald Theodore Avery," in Biographical Memoirs, Volume 32, National Academy of Sciences, 1958, pp. 31-48.Gillispie, Charles Coulston, editor, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Volume 1, Scribner's, 1970, pp. 342-343.Magner, Lois N., A History of the Life Sciences, Marcel Dekker, 1979, pp. 452-454.McGraw-Hill Modern Men of Science, McGraw-Hill, 1966, pp. 15-17. |