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Biography of Osman IName: Osman IBirth Date: 1259 Death Date: 1326 Place of Birth: Sogut Nationality: Turkish Gender: Male Occupations: leader, warrior Osman I Osman I (1259-1326) was the leader of a tribe of conquering warriors, who formed an independent state out of which arose the great Ottoman Empire.Contributed by Catherine Briggs, M.A. in History, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaName variations: Othman; Ottoman is the Italian derivative of the Turkish Uthman. Born 1259 at Sogut in northeast Anatolia (roughly present-day Turkey); died in 1326; son of Ertogrul (Ertughrul); married: Malkhatun; children: two sons, Orhan and Alaeddin. Descendants: Sultans (leaders) of the Ottoman Empire. Successor: Orhan (son).Born in 1259, Osman I entered a world desperately in need of a leader. In Eastern Europe and the Middle East several great empires were declining. The Byzantine Empire--the eastern Roman Empire based around the capital city of Constantinople (Istanbul)--had endured for nine centuries but was beginning the long process of decline. During the Fourth Crusade of 1204, Constantinople fell for the first time to the Latin knights …showed first 150 words…
…showed last 150 words…of Christian rule in the Mideast1309: Pope Clement V moved the offices of the Papacy from Rome to Avignon, France, beginning the "Babylonian Captivity" of the Papacy1314: Philip IV of France died suddenly, after having burned Jacques de Molay, Grand Master of the Knights Templar alive for heresy1325: Aztecs founded the city of Tenochtitlan on Lake Texcoco in what is now Mexico Further Reading Creasy, Edward S. History of the Ottoman Turks: From the Beginnings of their Empire to the Present Time. Bentley, 1878, repr. Khayats, 1961.Fisher, Sydney Nettleton. The Middle East: A History. 3rd ed. Knopf, 1979.Shaw, Stanford J. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Vol. 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire, 1280-1808. Cambridge University Press, 1976.Inalcik, Halil. The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age, 1300-1600. Translated by Norman Itzkowitz and Colin Imber. Praeger, 1973.Wittek, Paul. The Rise of the Ottoman Empire. Royal Asiatic Society, 1938. |