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Biography of Caroline ChisholmName: Caroline ChisholmBirth Date: May, 1808 Death Date: March 25, 1877 Place of Birth: England Nationality: British Gender: Female Occupations: philanthropist, author Caroline Chisholm Caroline Chisholm (1808-1877) was a British-born author and philanthropist, whose work with immigrant families, women and children ensured the successful colonization of Australia.Caroline Jones Chisholm was born in a time of turmoil. On the continent, Napoleon was wreaking havoc, and the wars undertaken to defeat him were sapping Great Britain of her resources. The Industrial Revolution was in full swing, and by the late 18th century there had emerged a massive underclass of "deserving" poor, many without means of subsistence. To deal with the poverty, a support system loosely based on the Christian principle of charity was espoused. Foremost among the early protagonists of this social philosophy were John Howard, Robert Owen, and Elizabeth Fry--philanthropists who perceived the need for outright abolition of state poor laws in favor of a more personal reliance on voluntary charitable support of the poor by the upper class.Not without its opponents, this …showed first 150 words…
…showed last 150 words…now but one saint, one legend. This saint is an Englishwoman." Florence Nightingale, slightly more militant in her method, nevertheless characterized herself as Chisholm's "friend and pupil," and Robert Lorne, member of the Legislative Council of New South Wales wrote of her life and work: "It was the most original ever devised or undertaken by man or woman, and the object, the labor and the method were beyond all praise." Further Reading "Chisholm, Caroline" in The Australian Encyclopedia. Vol. 2, Michigan State University Press, 1958.Hoban, Mary C. Fifty-one Pieces of Wedding Cake: A Biography ofCaroline Chisholm. Lowden, 1973.Kiddel, Margaret. Caroline Chisholm. Melbourne University Press, 1950.Younger, R. M. Australia and the Australians: A New ConciseHistory. Humanities Press, 1970.Clark, C. M. H. A History of Australia. Vol. 3, Melbourne University Press, 1973.Kennedy, Richard, ed. Australian Welfare History: Critical Essays. Macmillan of Australia, 1982.Malony, John. The Penguin Bicentennial History of Australia: TheStory of 200 Years. Viking, 1987. |